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M9460561.TXT
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1994-06-25
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Document 0561
DOCN M9460561
TI Noncontraceptive effects of hormonal contraceptives: bone mass, sexually
transmitted disease and pelvic inflammatory disease, cardiovascular
disease, menstrual function, and future fertility.
DT 9408
AU Burkman RT Jr; Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Henry Ford
Hospital,; Detroit, MI 48202.
SO Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 May;170(5 Pt 2):1569-75. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/94234246
AB Noncontraceptive actions of oral contraceptives (OCs) include hormonal
effects on bone mass, sexually transmitted disease, pelvic inflammatory
disease, the cardiovascular system, menstrual function, and future
fertility. Information about the effects of OCs on bone mass is limited
and contradictory. Two recent studies failed to show a positive effect
of OC use on bone mass or density compared with the three
cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study that showed favorable
effects. A recently completed study of 156 healthy females indicated a
significant correlation between OC use and the rate of change in total
body bone-mineral content. One study involving depot medroxyprogesterone
acetate suggests bone density decreases with long-term use of the drug.
The use of OCs does not reduce the risk of gonococcal or chlamydial
infection of the lower tract and in fact may enhance spread of lower
tract infection. However, OCs may exert a protective effect against some
types of pelvic inflammatory disease. Regarding transmission of human
immunodeficiency virus, the results of recent studies are conflicting.
Research related to newer OC formulations containing 35 micrograms or
less of ethinyl estradiol suggests that the risk of a negative
cardiovascular effect is substantially reduced. All forms of hormonal
contraception alter menstrual function to some degree, but most patterns
improve with duration of use. No evidence exists that hormonal
contraception permanently affects fertility, although fertility
restoration may be delayed with some agents.
DE Adnexitis/ETIOLOGY Bone Density/DRUG EFFECTS Cardiovascular
Diseases/CHEMICALLY INDUCED Contraceptives, Oral,
Hormonal/*PHARMACOLOGY Female Fertility/DRUG EFFECTS Human Menstrual
Cycle/DRUG EFFECTS Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ETIOLOGY JOURNAL
ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).